Glass containers are used across beer, wine, beverage, perfume, pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics. Because glass is smooth and non-absorbent, coding relies on fast-drying inks or laser to achieve reliable adhesion and permanence. Drivers are date/batch compliance, beverage traceability, and serialization on pharmaceutical glass. Three physical realities govern selection: condensation on cold-fill and chilled bottles defeats ink; dark amber and green glass cut contrast; and returnable bottles sometimes need washable ink.

Metal cans and caps are core to food and beverage production. Aluminum can lines are among the highest-speed packaging applications, sustaining tens of thousands of units per hour. Coding is driven by date/batch compliance and beverage traceability. Every technology decision here is shaped by two physical realities: the condensation that forms the moment a chilled can leaves the filler, and the protective coating on steel cans that a laser will destroy.