Introduction to the working principle of ultraviolet lasers

Except for free electron lasers, the basic working principles of various lasers are the same. The essential condition for laser generation is that the number of ions is reversed or the gain is greater than the loss. Therefore, the essential components of the device have excitation (or pump) source, has a metastable too freak-class working medium in two parts. Excitation is the excitation of the work medium to an excited state after absorbing external energy, creating conditions for realizing and maintaining the population inversion. The excitation methods include optical excitation, electrical excitation, chemical excitation and nuclear energy excitation.

Laser working material refers to the material system used to achieve particle number inversion and generate stimulated radiation amplification of light, sometimes also called laser gain medium, which can be Solid (crystal, glass), gas (atomic gas, Guozi gas, molecular gas), semiconductor and liquid and other media. The main requirement for the laser working material is to achieve a large degree of population inversion between the specific energy levels of its working particles as much as possible, and to keep this inversion as effectively as possible during the entire laser emission process; To this end, the working substance is required to have suitable energy level structure and transition characteristics.

The ultraviolet lasers we are talking about are classified according to the range of output bands, mainly compared with infrared lasers and visible lasers. Infrared lasers and visible light are usually made by local heating. The material can be processed by melting or vaporizing it, but this heating causes damage around the material and limits edge strength and the ability to create small fine features. Ultraviolet lasers directly break the chemical bonds that connect the atomic components of a substance, a process known as a 'cold' process, which directly separates the substance into atoms without heating the periphery.

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